There are, of course, no complete solutions of Operating-System Design and Implementation, but there are approaches that have proved successful Design Goals The first problem in designing a system is to define goals and specifications. At the highest level, the design of the system will be affected by the choice of hardware and the type … Read more
System Programs can be divided into these categories: File management. These programs create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and generally manipulate files and directories Status information. Some programs simply ask the system for the date, time, amount of available memory or disk space, number of users, or similar status information. Others are more complex, … Read more
System calls provide an interface to the services made available by an operating system. These calls are generally available as routines written in C and C++, although certain low-level tasks (for example, tasks where hardware must be accessed directly) may have to be written using assembly-language instructions Types of System Calls System calls can be … Read more
One provides a command-line interface, or command interpreter, that allows users to directly enter commands to be performed by the operating system. The other allows users to interface with the operating system via a graphical user interface, or GUI. Command Interpreters Some operating systems include the command interpreter in the kernel. Others, such as Windows … Read more
An operating system provides an environment for the execution of programs. It provides certain services to programs and to the users of those programs. The specific services provided, of course, differ from one operating system to another, but we can identify common classes. These operating system services are provided for the convenience of the programmer, … Read more
There are following data structure in operating system is used Lists, Stacks, and Queues An array is a simple data structure in which each element can be accessed directly. For example, main memory is constructed as an array. If the data item being stored is larger than one byte, then multiple bytes can be allocated … Read more
Protection and security in Operating can improve reliability by detecting latent errors at the interfaces between component subsystems. Early detection of interface errors can often prevent contamination of a healthy subsystem by another subsystem that is malfunctioning. Furthermore, an unprotected resource cannot defend against use (or misuse) by an unauthorized or incompetent user. A protection-oriented … Read more
Caching is an important principle of computer systems. Here’s how it works. Information is normally kept in some storage system (such as main memory). As it is used, it is copied into a faster storage system—the cache—on a temporary basis. When we need a particular piece of information, we first check whether it is in … Read more
Clustered system, which gathers together multiple CPUs they are composed of two or more individual systems—or nodes—joined together. Such systems are considered loosely coupled. Each node may be a single processor system or a multicore system. We should note that the definition of clustered is not concrete; many commercial packages wrestle to define a clustered … Read more
multiprocessor systems (also known as parallel systems or multicore systems) have begun to dominate the landscape of computing. Such systems have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices. Multiprocessor systems first appeared prominently appeared in servers and have since migrated to desktop and … Read more