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Time and Space Complexity

Posted on December 11, 2021December 11, 2021 By christo No Comments on Time and Space Complexity

Time Complexity

The time complexity of an algorithm is basically the running time of a program as a function of the input size

Space Complexity

Space complexity of an algorithm is the amount of computer memory that is required during the program execution as a function of the input size

In other words, the number of machine instructions which a program executes is called its time complexity. This number is primarily dependent on the size of the program’s input and the algorithm used

Generally, the space needed by a program depends on the following two parts:

  • Fixed part: It varies from problem to problem. It includes the space needed for storing instructions, constants, variables, and structured variables (like arrays and structures).
  • Variable part: It varies from program to program. It includes the space needed for recursion stack, and for structured variables that are allocated space dynamically during the runtime of a program

Worst-case, Average-case, Best-case, and Amortized Time Complexity

Worst-case running time

This denotes the behaviour of an algorithm with respect to the worst possible case of the input instance. The worst-case running time of an algorithm is an upper bound on the running time for any input. Therefore, having the knowledge of worst-case running time gives us an assurance that the algorithm will never go beyond this time limit

Average-case running time

The average-case running time of an algorithm is an estimate of the running time for an ‘average’ input. It specifies the expected behaviour of the algorithm when the input is randomly drawn from a given distribution. Average-case running time assumes that all inputs of a given size are equally likely

Best-case running time

The term ‘best-case performance’ is used to analyse an algorithm under optimal conditions. For example, the best case for a simple linear search on an array occurs when the desired element is the first in the list. However, while developing and choosing an algorithm to solve a problem, we hardly base our decision on the best-case performance. It is always recommended to improve the average performance and the worst-case performance of an algorithm.

Amortized running time

Amortized running time refers to the time required to perform a sequence of (related) operations averaged over all the operations performed. Amortized analysis guarantees the average performance of each operation in the worst case

data structure Tags:Time and Space Complexity

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