Double Linked List

A double linked list is a two-way list in which all nodes will have two links. This helps in accessing both successor node and predecessor node from the given node position. It provides bi-directional traversing. Each node contains three fields

  • Left link
  • Data
  • Right link

The left link points to the predecessor node and the right link points to the successor node. The data field stores the required data

Many applications require searching forward and backward thru nodes of a list. For example searching for a name in a telephone directory would need forward and backward scanning thru a region of the whole list

The basic operations in a double linked list are:

  • Creation
  • Insertion
  • Deletion
  • Traversing

A Complete Source Code for the Implementation of Double Linked List

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
struct dlinklist
{
struct dlinklist *left;
int data;
struct dlinklist *right;
};
typedef struct dlinklist node;
node *start = NULL;
node* getnode()
{
node * newnode;
newnode = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));
printf("\n Enter data: ");
scanf("%d", &newnode -> data);
newnode -> left = NULL;
newnode -> right = NULL;
return newnode;
}
int countnode(node *start)
{
if(start == NULL)
return 0;
else
return 1 + countnode(start -> right);
}
int menu()
{
int ch;
clrscr();
printf("\n 1.Create");
printf("\n------------------------------");
printf("\n 2. Insert a node at beginning ");
printf("\n 3. Insert a node at end");
printf("\n 4. Insert a node at middle");
printf("\n------------------------------");
printf("\n 5. Delete a node from beginning");
printf("\n 6. Delete a node from Last");
printf("\n 7. Delete a node from Middle");
printf("\n------------------------------");
printf("\n 8. Traverse the list from Left to Right 
"); printf("\n 9. Traverse the list from Right to 
Left "); printf("\n------------------------------");
printf("\n 10.Count the Number of nodes in the list"); 
printf("\n 11.Exit ");
printf("\n\n Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
return ch;
}
void createlist(int n)
{
int i;
node *newnode;
node *temp;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
newnode = getnode();
if(start == NULL)
start = newnode;
else
{
temp = start;
while(temp -> right)
temp = temp -> right;
temp -> right = newnode;
newnode -> left = temp;
}
}
}
void traverse_left_to_right()
{
node *temp;
temp = start;
printf("\n The contents of List: ");
if(start == NULL )
printf("\n Empty List");
else
{
while(temp != NULL)
{
printf("\t %d ", temp -> data);
temp = temp -> right;
}
}
}
void traverse_right_to_left()
{
node *temp;
temp = start;
printf("\n The contents of List: ");
if(start == NULL)
printf("\n Empty List");
else
{
while(temp -> right != NULL)
temp = temp -> right;
}
while(temp != NULL)
{
printf("\t%d", temp -> data);
temp = temp -> left;
}
}
void dll_insert_beg()
{
node *newnode;
newnode = getnode();
if(start == NULL)
start = newnode;
else
{
newnode -> right = start;
start -> left = newnode;
start = newnode;
}
}
void dll_insert_end()
{
node *newnode, *temp;
newnode = getnode();
if(start == NULL)
start = newnode;
else
{
temp = start;
while(temp -> right != NULL)
temp = temp -> right;
temp -> right = newnode;
newnode -> left = temp;
}
}
void dll_insert_mid()
{
node *newnode,*temp;
int pos, nodectr, ctr = 1;
newnode = getnode();
printf("\n Enter the position: ");
scanf("%d", &pos);
nodectr = countnode(start);
if(pos - nodectr >= 2)
{
printf("\n Position is out of range..");
return;
}
if(pos > 1 && pos < nodectr)
{
temp = start;
while(ctr < pos - 1)
{
temp = temp -> right;
ctr++;
}
newnode -> left = temp;
newnode -> right = temp -> right;
temp -> right -> left = newnode;
temp -> right = newnode;
}
else
printf("position %d of list is not a middle position ", pos);
}
void dll_delete_beg()
{
node *temp;
if(start == NULL)
{
printf("\n Empty list");
getch();
return ;
}
else
{
temp = start;
start = start -> right;
start -> left = NULL;
free(temp);
}
}
void dll_delete_last()
{
node *temp;
if(start == NULL)
{
printf("\n Empty list");
getch();
return ;
}
else
{
temp = start;
while(temp -> right != NULL)
temp = temp -> right;
temp -> left -> right = NULL;
free(temp);
temp = NULL;
}
}
void dll_delete_mid()
{
int i = 0, pos, nodectr;
node *temp;
if(start == NULL)
{
printf("\n Empty List");
getch();
return;
}
else
{
printf("\n Enter the position of the node to delete: "); 
scanf("%d", &pos);
nodectr = countnode(start);
if(pos > nodectr)
{
printf("\nthis node does not exist");
getch();
return;
}
if(pos > 1 && pos < nodectr)
{
temp = start;
i = 1;
while(i < pos)
{
temp = temp -> right;
i++;
}
temp -> right -> left = temp -> left;
temp -> left -> right = temp -> right;
free(temp);
printf("\n node deleted..");
}
else
{
printf("\n It is not a middle position..");
getch();
}
}
}
void main(void)
{
int ch, n;
clrscr();
while(1)
{
ch = menu();
switch( ch)
{
case 1 :
printf("\n Enter Number of nodes to create: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
createlist(n);
printf("\n List created..");
break;
case 2 :
dll_insert_beg();
break;
case 3 :
dll_insert_end();
break;
case 4 :
dll_insert_mid();
break;
case 5 :
dll_delete_beg();
break;
case 6 :
dll_delete_last();
break;
case 7 :
dll_delete_mid();
break;
case 8 :
traverse_left_to_right();
break;
case 9 :
traverse_right_to_left();
break;
case 10 :
printf("\n Number of nodes: %d", countnode(start)); 
break;
case 11:
exit(0);
}
getch();
}
}

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